Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA) (25% of overall score) – This is a very important factor which is missed by most of the candidates. Owing to this, they score 6 or 6.5 in writing. To score 7 or above in writing, one should use a variety of sentence structures in an appropriate way.

Simple Sentences:

These sentences have an independent clause and a dependent clause. These sentences are easy to understand, contains a subject a verb and an object.

Example: Some people believe that smoking is detrimental to health.

Compound Sentences:

These sentences are joined by two or more simple sentences with conjunctions which are also known as “ Coordinating conjunctions”.

Coordinating Conjunctions can be learned as “FANBOYS”.

F-for –Reason

A-and –to connect

N—nor –neither of the options 

B-but—used to show comparsions

O-or –used to show options

Y-yet-so far, till now

S—so —-a consequence, result

The main confusion among candidates is “When to use comma? “

Comma is not used when conjunction is used within the sentences. Use a comma when conjunctions are used to join the two independent clauses.

Examples: Is it right or wrong?

Smoking is harmful to health, and some governments have banned smoking in public areas.

OXFORD Comma(Series Comma)-This is an optional comma which is used before the word “and “ and at the end of the list.

I visited the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada.

Complex Sentences:

A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses. You can combine two simple sentences to create a complex sentence by making one simple sentence into a subordinate clause.

Following are the examples  of subordinating junctions;

O-Only if

N– Now that, Nonetheless, Nevertheless

A-Although, After, As

W-While, whereas, when, which

H-How, However

I- Inspite of, If, In case, In order that

T– Though, that,Till

E– Even Though, Even If

B– Because, before

U– Unless, Until

S– Since, So

Example- Although living in an apartment has a greater number of benefits,some people prefer to live in independent homes.

Some people prefer to live in independent homes even if living in an apartment has a greater number of benefits.

Compound –Complex Sentences:

These sentences  has at least two independent clauses and at least one independent clause.

Example:Though he did not prepare well,he wrote his exam,and he got an A+ !

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